A symptom checklist to help clients reflect on self-worth and consider whether further psychological support may be beneficial.
Offers theory, guidance, and prompts for mental health professionals. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.
Includes client-friendly guidance. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.
Low self-esteem is characterized by holding oneself in low regard, often involving negative self-beliefs, self-criticism, and feelings of worthlessness. While not a formal diagnosis within DSM-5 or ICD-11, low self-esteem is frequently present alongside other mental health difficulties and can contribute to emotional distress and self-defeating behaviors. This symptom checklist provides a structured way for clients and therapists to explore whether low self-esteem may be contributing to current difficulties. It is not intended to provide a diagnosis or assess severity, but it can support early discussions about whether further evaluation is warranted.
Low self-esteem is a common feature accompanying emotional distress, yet it can be difficult for clients to identify or express. This resource:
For clients who feel inadequate, unworthy, or overly self-critical.
For individuals with comorbid symptoms of mood or anxiety disorders where self-worth may be a factor.
Gently introduce the possibility of low self-esteem using the suggested therapeutic prompt.
Work through the checklist together to identify patterns of negative self-belief.
Discuss how responses may relate to presenting difficulties or emotional distress.
Use insights to guide formulation, psychoeducation, or structured intervention.
Although low self-esteem is not classified as a standalone mental disorder in DSM-5 or ICD-11, it is recognised as a transdiagnostic feature across many emotional disorders. According to Fennell’s (2004) cognitive model, individuals with low self-esteem tend to hold global negative beliefs about themselves (e.g., “I’m a failure”), maintain these beliefs through self-critical thinking, and avoid situations that might disconfirm their beliefs.
This symptom checklist draws on these concepts to help clients assess whether they may benefit from support. While it is not designed to assess severity or provide a diagnosis, it can facilitate early exploration of important beliefs and experiences. If endorsed by the client, further structured assessment or therapeutic work may be appropriate.
