This information handout describes the common signs of passive communication, factors that perpetuate it, and the negative consequences it can have for people and their relationships.
Offers theory, guidance, and prompts for mental health professionals. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.
Includes client-friendly guidance. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.
Assertive communication can have a positive impact on people’s mental health, relationships, and work life. A key component of assertiveness training is recognising different ‘styles’ of communication. This Passive Communication information handout provides a detailed overview of this communication style. It describes common signs of passive communication, factors that perpetuate it, and the negative consequences it can have for people and their relationships.
Many clients are unaware of their communication style and the impact it has on their relationships and wellbeing. This handout helps clients recognize passive communication patterns and understand the consequences it can have.
For clients who fear judgment and avoid speaking up.
For people who struggle with expressing concerns or saying no.
For clients who find it difficult to advocate for themselves.
As part of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training for interpersonal effectiveness.
Helps clients confidently express their thoughts, feelings, and needs.
For clients struggling with patterns of avoidance, conflict, or submission.
For difficulties with boundaries, conflict, or assertiveness at work.
Introduce clients to the idea of communication styles.
Use the handout to establish a shared understanding of passive communication.
Help clients notice instances where they use passive communication.
Explore the costs of passivity and the benefits of change.
Highlight the differences between passive and assertive communication.
Help the client learn and rehearse assertive communication skills.
Effective communication allows people to share information, coordinate actions, and achieve their goals in personal and professional settings (Rohner & Schutz, 2024). It is crucial for forming and maintaining healthy relationships, enabling people to express their needs, build trust, address misunderstandings, and resolve conflicts (McKay et al., 2018).
Research has identified several ‘communication styles’: clusters of conversational behaviors that constitute a communication pattern (Chłopicki, 2017). Passive communication is characterized by restricted self-expression, where people tend to withhold their thoughts, feelings, needs, or preferences. This communication style often arises from a desire to avoid conflict, criticism, or rejection (Bonham-Carter, 2012; Paterson, 2022). Common signs of passive communication include yielding to others' requests or unreasonable demands, going along with others’ decisions, appeasing others, and prioritizing the needs of others over one's own. Unfortunately, passive communication, along with related submissive behavior, is associated with various negative consequences, including social and psychological difficulties (e.g., Allan & Gilbert, 1997).
Assertive communication, on the other hand, is regarded as an effective style across many situations (Hayward et al., 2012; Jakubowski & Lange, 1978; Linehan, 1979; Paterson, 2022). It involves expressing oneself clearly, directly, and honestly, while respecting one’s rights and the rights of others. Research has associated assertiveness with numerous benefits, including improved relationships, reduced work-related stress and burnout, and improved symptoms of anxiety and depression (e.g., Rakos, 1991; Speed et al., 2018; Suzuki et al., 2009).
Working...
