Rumination – Self-Monitoring Record

The Rumination – Self-Monitoring Record is a structured tool designed to collect information about how clients experience rumination.

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Professional version

Offers theory, guidance, and prompts for mental health professionals. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.

Client version

Includes client-friendly guidance. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.

Editable version (PPT)

An editable Microsoft PowerPoint version of the resource.

Editable version (DOC)

An editable Microsoft Word version of the resource.

Overview

Developing self-monitoring skills teaches clients to systematically observe and record specific targets such as their own thoughts, body feelings, emotions, and behaviors. Though it’s usually introduced early in the therapy process, it can continue to provide an inexpensive and constant measure of problem symptoms and behaviors throughout treatment. The Rumination – Self-Monitoring Record is designed to help clients capture information about situations where they engaged in rumination.

Why Use This Resource?

Self-monitoring is a cornerstone of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), supporting both assessment and intervention. This resource assists clients in observing and recording important information that can:

  • Enhance awareness and insight into experiences of rumination.
  • Inform case conceptualizations, treatment planning, and intervention.
  • Provide a measure of change during treatment.
  • Support and encourage client-therapist collaboration.

Key Benefits

Structured

Provides a clear, organized format for capturing clients' experiences.

Insightful

Promotes awareness of the factors contributing to rumination.

Engaging

Encourages active participation in therapy.

Flexible

Can be used to support assessment, intervention, and symptom monitoring.

Who is this for?

Depression

Repetitive negative thoughts that contribute to low mood.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent negative thoughts about past events.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Dwelling on the causes and consequences of trauma.

Other Difficulties

Other difficulties where rumination is a feature, such as social anxiety and low self-esteem.

Integrating it into your practice

01

Introduce

Explain the benefits and rationale for self-monitoring.

02

Identify

Agree targets for self-monitoring.

03

Practice

Provide instructions for completing the record and rehearse with the client.

04

Review

Review the client's completed self-monitoring record.

05

Adjust

Modify self-monitoring based on progress, shifting focus as needed.

Theoretical Background & Therapist Guidance

Self-monitoring is a technique where clients systematically observe and record their thoughts, feelings, emotions, and behaviors to enhance awareness and gain insight into their challenges. It is commonly used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and involves two main components: discrimination (recognizing target phenomena) and recording (documenting occurrences).

Self-monitoring can be faciliating using various tools such as diaries, logs, and records, aimed at helping clients engage in their treatment by fostering self-control and autonomy. Data collected can inform case formulation and intervention planning, as it assists in identifying prevalent problems, unhelpful thinking patterns, triggers, and coping behaviors. Typically, self-monitoring is introduced early in therapy, particularly for covert phenomena like rumination or self-criticism. Clients may begin with simple tasks and advance to more detailed records exploring the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Psychology Tools self-monitoring records have been carefully designed to focus on particular targets. Typically, each form has a standard version that collects essential data about the target behavior, as well as an 'Extended' version that gathers additional information on the consequences of client behaviors. This extra data can help form hypotheses about reinforcing factors.

The Rumination – Self-Monitoring Record worksheet is designed to help clients capture information about situations where they engaged in rumination. It gives a concise definition of rumination and includes columns to record information about: triggers and situational context; a summary of the content of the duration of the rumination; consequences of the rumination; and details of how the ruminative episode ended.

What's inside

  • A comprehensive introduction to self-monitoring.
  • Detailed therapist guidance for introducing self-monitoring.
  • References and further reading for learning more about self-monitoring.
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FAQs

Self-monitoring involves systematically observing and recording specific targets that are related to the client's difficulties.
It supports client engagement, informs case conceptualization and treatment planning, and provides an ongoing measure of clients’ difficulties.
Begin with a simple focus and encourage the client to record key data immediately after relevant experiences to ensure it is as accurate as possible.

How This Resource Improves Clinical Outcomes

Integrating self-monitoring records into therapy supports:

  • Enhanced understanding and management of rumination.
  • Data-driven insights for more effective treatment planning and intervention.
  • Increased client engagement and insight into their difficulties.

References And Further Reading

  • Bornstein, P. H., Hamilton, S. B., & Bornstein, M. T. (1986). Self-monitoring procedures. In A. R. Ciminero, K. S. Calhoun, & H. E. Adams (Eds), Handbook of behavioral assessment (2nd ed). New York: Wiley.
  • Cohen, J. S., Edmunds, J. M., Brodman, D. M., Benjamin, C. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2013). Using self-monitoring: implementation of collaborative empiricism in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(4), 419-428.
  • Kennerley, H., Kirk, J., & Westbrook, D. (2017). An Introduction to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Skills & Applications (3rd Ed.) Sage, London.
  • Korotitsch, W. J., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (1999). An overview of self-monitoring research in assessment and treatment. Psychological Assessment, 11(4), 415.
  • Persons, J. B. (2008). The Case Formulation Approach to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. Guildford Press, London.
  • Proudfoot, J., & Nicholas, J. (2010). Monitoring and evaluation in low intensity CBT interventions. In J. Bennett-Levy, D. Richards, P. Farrand, et al. (Eds.), Oxford guide to low intensity CBT interventions (pp. 97–104). Oxford University Press.
  • Watkins, E. R. (2016). Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. London: Guilford.