An illustrated handout designed for psychoeducation explaining the functions of each lobe of the human brain. Limbic regions such such as the cingular, hippocampus, and amygdala are also included.
Offers theory, guidance, and prompts for mental health professionals. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.
Includes client-friendly guidance. Downloads are in Fillable PDF format where appropriate.
An editable Microsoft PowerPoint version of the resource.
The brain is the central organ of the body’s nervous system and is essential for processes such as perception, movement, language, and memory. This illustrated handout provides a concise summary of the cerebral cortex, outlining the distinct functions of its four lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. It also introduces other important brain structures, including the limbic system, which plays a key role in emotional processing and memory.
This information handout assists therapists in explaining brain anatomy and function to clients. Understanding brain function can normalize symptoms and enhance therapeutic engagement.
Helps clients understand how different brain regions contribute to memory formation, storage, and recall. Useful in contexts such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, brain injury, and trauma-related memory disruptions.
Explain cognitive changes post-injury, focusing on areas like executive function and emotional regulation.
Address impairments in movement, speech, or other affected domains.
Educate about brain damage and cognitive symptoms post-infection or accident.
Emotional responses and their relation to limbic system activity.
Open conversations about the client's specific brain injury or mental health condition.
Use visual aids from the handout to demonstrate affected brain areas.
Clarify how brain activity or damage translates to cognitive and emotional symptoms.
Facilitate client reflection on how brain function affects their experience.
Understanding how different regions of the brain contribute to cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes is important in many therapeutic approaches. Cognitive neuroscience has provided insights into how specific brain structures support thinking, emotion, and behaviour. Over the past forty years, advances in neuroimaging have made it possible to observe how patterns of brain activity correlate with psychological phenomena (Vincent et al., 2008; Ham et al., 2014). These developments have enabled clinicians and researchers to better understand the links between brain function and the symptoms experienced by individuals, whether those symptoms arise from neurological injury or mental health conditions.
This handout introduces clients to the major anatomical regions of the brain, particularly the four lobes of the cerebral cortex - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital - as well as the limbic system. Each region plays a distinct role. The frontal lobes are central to high-level executive processes such as planning, reasoning, decision-making, and emotion regulation (Mateer & Sira, 2006; Miyake et al., 2000).
The temporal lobes are essential for memory, auditory processing, and language comprehension (Ogar et al., 2011; Scott, 2005). The parietal lobes help integrate sensory information and are critical for spatial awareness, attention, and mathematical reasoning (Ham et al., 2014). The occipital lobes are primarily involved in visual processing and recognition (Biran & Coslett, 2003). The limbic system - which includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex - plays a central role in emotional processing, memory formation, and the regulation of emotional responses (Gupta et al., 2011; Leech & Sharp, 2014).
Damage to specific brain regions - whether from stroke, traumatic brain injury, infection, or degenerative illness - can lead to characteristic cognitive and emotional difficulties. Individuals with damage to the frontal lobes may have trouble initiating or organising tasks and regulating emotional responses (Mateer & Sira, 2006). Temporal lobe involvement can manifest as memory problems, language disturbances, or difficulty recognising familiar voices and faces (Bird & Burgess, 2008; Dellacherie et al., 2011). Disruption to the limbic system is particularly relevant to emotional dysregulation. In post-traumatic stress disorder, for example, increased activity in the amygdala and reduced regulation from frontal regions have been associated with heightened emotional reactivity, fear responses, and persistent intrusive memories (Ham et al., 2014; Gupta et al., 2011).
Psychoeducation about the structure and function of the brain can play an important role in therapy. Helping clients understand their symptoms in terms of brain processes can normalise distressing experiences, reduce self-blame, and support therapeutic engagement. This handout is designed to facilitate such conversations, offering a simple yet scientifically grounded overview of brain function that can be adapted for use with a wide range of clients.
