Depression

"Should" Statements
Information handouts
A Guide To Emotions (Psychology Tools For Living Well)
Books & Chapters
ABC Model
Worksheets
Activity Diary (Hourly Time Intervals)
Worksheets
Activity Diary (No Time Intervals)
Worksheets
Activity Menu
Information handouts
Activity Planning
Worksheets
Activity Selection
Worksheets
All-Or-Nothing Thinking
Information handouts
Am I Experiencing Depression?
Exercises
Arbitrary Inference
Information handouts
Assertive Communication
Information handouts
Assertive Responses
Exercises
Attention Training Practice Record
Exercises
Audio Collection: Psychology Tools For Developing Self-Compassion
Audio
Audio Collection: Psychology Tools For Mindfulness
Audio
Avoidance Hierarchy (Archived)
Archived
Behavioral Activation Activity Diary
Worksheets
Behavioral Activation Activity Planning Diary
Worksheets
Behavioral Experiment
Worksheets
Behavioral Experiment (Portrait Format)
Worksheets
Being With Difficulty (Audio)
Audio
Body Scan (Audio)
Audio
Boundaries - Self-Monitoring Record
Worksheets
Catching Your Thoughts (CYP)
Worksheets
CBT Appraisal Model
Worksheets
CBT Daily Activity Diary With Enjoyment And Mastery Ratings
Worksheets
CFT Compassion Formulation
Worksheets
Challenging Your Negative Thinking (Archived)
Archived
Cognitive Behavioral Model Of Intolerance Of Uncertainty (Hebert, Dugas, 2019)
Information handouts
Compassionate Thought Challenging Record
Worksheets
Core Belief Magnet Metaphor
Information handouts
Court Trial Thought Challenging Record (Archived)
Archived
Daily Monitoring Form
Worksheets
Demanding Standards – Living Well With Your Personal Rules
Guides
Depression - Self-Monitoring Record
Worksheets
Developing Psychological Flexibility
Information handouts
Discounting In Perfectionism – The Ratchet Effect
Information handouts
Disqualifying Others
Information handouts
Disqualifying The Positive
Information handouts
Dysfunctional Thought Record
Worksheets
Embracing Uncertainty
Exercises
Emotional Reasoning
Information handouts
Emotions Motivate Actions
Information handouts
Evaluating Unhelpful Automatic Thoughts
Guides
Exercise For Mental Health
Information handouts
Fortune Telling
Information handouts
Functional Analysis With Intervention Planning
Worksheets
Hindsight Bias
Information handouts
Interpersonal Beliefs And Styles
Worksheets
Intolerance Of Uncertainty
Information handouts
Intrusive Memory Record
Worksheets
Magnification And Minimization
Information handouts
Mastery And Pleasure Activity Diary
Worksheets
Mental Filter
Information handouts
Mind Reading
Information handouts
Mindful Attention (Audio)
Audio
Mindfulness In Everyday Life (Audio)
Audio
Mindfulness Of Breath (Long Version) (Audio)
Audio
Mindfulness Of Breath (Short Version) (Audio)
Audio
Mindfulness Of Sounds And Thoughts (Audio)
Audio
Negative Thoughts - Self-Monitoring Record
Worksheets
Overcoming Depression: Therapist Guide
Treatments That Work®
Overcoming Depression: Workbook
Treatments That Work®
Overgeneralization
Information handouts
Personalizing
Information handouts
Perspective-Taking
Worksheets
Psychology Tools For Living Well
Books & Chapters
Raisin Exercise (Audio)
Audio
Recognizing Depression
Information handouts
Recognizing Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Information handouts
Rumination - Self-Monitoring Record
Worksheets
Rumination Diary (Archived)
Archived
Rumination Self-Monitoring Record (Archived)
Archived
Schema Bias
Information handouts
Self Critical Thought Challenging Record
Worksheets
Self-Blame
Information handouts
Self-Criticism Self-Monitoring Record (Archived)
Archived
Self-Monitoring Record (Universal)
Worksheets
Task Planning And Achievement Record
Worksheets
Therapy Blueprint (Universal)
Worksheets
Things To Do List
Worksheets
Thinking Versus Sensing (Audio)
Audio
Thought Record – Courtroom Trial
Worksheets
Thought Record (Considered Response)
Worksheets
Thought Record (Evidence For And Against)
Worksheets
Thoughts And Depression
Information handouts
Transdiagnostic Processes
Information handouts
TRAP TRAC
Exercises
Uncertainty Beliefs – Experiment Record
Worksheets
Understanding Depression
Guides
Unhelpful Thinking Styles
Information handouts
Using Behavioral Activation To Overcome Depression
Guides
What Do People Think About Themselves (CYP)?
Exercises
What Does Exercise Do For the Mind And Body?
Information handouts
What Is Burnout?
Information handouts
What Is Imagery Rescripting?
Information handouts
What Is Rumination?
Information handouts
What Keeps Depression Going?
Information handouts
Assessment
- Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS) | Zimmerman, Chelminski, McGlinchey, Posternak | 2008
- Scale
downloadarchived copy - Zimmerman, M., Chelminski, I., McGlinchey, J. B., & Posternak, M. A. (2008). A clinically useful depression outcome scale. Comprehensive psychiatry, 49(2), 131-140.
- Scale
- Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) | Cox, Holden, Sagovsky | 1987
- Scale fresno.ucsf.edu archive.org
- Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782-786.
- Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression (HAM-D) | Hamilton | 1960
- Scale
downloadarchived copy - Hamilton M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,
23, 56–62.
- Scale
- Montgomery & Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) | Montgomery, Asberg | 1979
- Scale download archived copy
- MADRS Score Card
downloadarchived copy - Montgomery, S.A., Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (4): 382–89.
- Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) | Kroenke, Spitzer | 2002
- Scale phqscreeners.com
- Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric annals, 32(9), 509-515.
- Severity Measure For Depression (Adapted from PHQ-9)
- Scale – Adult download archived copy
- Scale – Child Age 11-17 download archived copy
- Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale | Zung | 1965
- Scale outcometracker.org archive.org
- Zung, W. W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12(1), 63-70.
Case Conceptualization
- Cognitive conceptualisation (excerpt from Basics and Beyond) | J. Beck download archived copy
- Developing and using a case formulation to guide cognitive behaviour therapy | Persons | 2015 download archived copy
Intervention
Treatment guidelines
- Depression in adults: recognition and management | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines | October 2009 download archived copy
CBT treatment manuals
- Individual therapy manual for cognitive-behavioural treatment of depression – Muñoz & Miranda (1996) download archived copy
- Manual for group cognitive-behavioral therapy of major depression: a reality management approach (Instructor’s manual) | Muñoz, Ippen, Rao, Le, Dwyer | 2000
downloadarchived copy - Cognitive-Behavioural therapy (CBGT group program for depression | Milner, Tischler, DeSena, Rimer download archived copy
- Cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in young people: manual for therapists – Improving Mood with Psychoanalytic and Cognitive Therapies (IMPACT) | 2010 download archived copy
- A therapist’s guide to brief cognitive behavioral therapy | Cully, Teten | 2008 download archived copy
- CBT for depression in veterans and military service members – therapist manual download archived copy
- Group therapy manual for cognitive behavioral treatment of depression | Muñoz, Miranda | 1986
downloadarchived copy
Behavioural activation (BA & BATD)
- Behavioural activation treatment for depression – revised (BATD-R) manual | Lejuez, Hopko, Acierno, Daughters, Pagoto | 2011
downloadarchived copy - Behavioural activation treatment for depression (BATD) manual | Lejuez, Hopko & Hopko | 2001
downloadarchived copy - Behavioural activation treatment for depression: returning to contextual roots | Jacobson, Martell, Dimidjian | 2001
downloadarchived copy - Valued Living Questionnaire (Version 2)
downloadarchived copy
Suicide & self-harm
- Suicide and self injury: a practitioners guide
downloadarchived copy
Information Handouts
- What is Depression download
- What Causes Depression download
- Psychotherapy for Depression download
- Vicious Cycle of Depression download
- Behavioural Activation download
- Fun Activities Catalogue download
- Improving How You Feel download
- Thinking and Feeling download
- Analysing Your Thinking download
- Changing Your Thinking download
- Unhelpful Thinking Styles download
- What Are Core Beliefs? download
- Problem Solving download
- Staying Healthy download
- Grief and Bereavement download
Worksheets
- Symptoms of Depression download
- Behavioural Activation download
- Weekly Activity Schedule download
- Weekly Goals Record download
- Making the Connection download
- Thought Diary 1 download
- Thought Diary 2 download
- Thought Diary 3 download
- Thought Diary download
- Core Beliefs Worksheet download
- Healthy Me download
- Goal setting (End of therapy) download
Self-Help Programmes
Behavioral activation for depression
- Introduction to BA for depression
downloadarchived copy - Monitoring activity for activity and mood
downloadarchived copy - Roadmap: The activation plan
downloadarchived copy - Finding direction: values, flow, and strengths
downloadarchived copy - Avoidance and depression TRAPs
downloadarchived copy - Problem solving
downloadarchived copy - Thinking habits
downloadarchived copy - Next steps
downloadarchived copy
Overcoming your depression
- Overview of depression download
- Behavioural strategies for managing depression download
- The thinking-feeling connection download
- The ABC Analysis download
- Unhelpful thinking styles download
- Detective work and disputation download
- The end result download
- Core beliefs download
- Self management download
Antidepressant skills workbook
Antidepressant skills workbook (2nd edition) | Blisker & Paterson download archived copy
What Is Depression?
Signs and Symptoms of Depression
To meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder an individual must have experienced five of the following symptoms for at least two weeks:
- a depressed mood that is present most of the day, nearly every day
- diminished interest in activities which were previously experienced as pleasurable
- fatigue or a loss of energy
- sleep disturbance (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach, or excessive guilt
- a diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
- recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, or suicidal behavior
- changes in appetite marked by a corresponding weight change
- psychomotor agitation or retardation to a degree which is observable by others
Psychological Models and Theory of Depression
Beck’s cognitive theory of depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979) forms the basis for cognitive behavioral approaches for the treatment of depression. Beck’s theory proposes that there are different levels of cognition that can be dysfunctional in depression: core beliefs, rules and assumptions, and negative automatic thoughts. CBT aims to balance negatively biased cognition with more rational and accurate thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions. CBT also systematically aims to increase levels of rewarding activity.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) proposes that distress, including symptoms of depression, are the result of psychological inflexibility (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006). Indicators of psychological inflexibility include:
- ‘buying in’ to negative thoughts and narratives;
- engaging in worry or rumination that takes us away from the present moment;
- losing contact with our values—what is important to us.
Evidence-Based Psychological Approaches for Working with Depression
Many psychological therapies have an evidence base for working with depression:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Behavioral activation (BA)
- Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
- Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for preventing relapse
- Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Resources for Working with Depression
Psychology Tools resources available for working therapeutically with depression may include:
- psychological models of depression
- information handouts for depression
- exercises for depression
- CBT worksheets for depression
- self-help programs for depression
References
- Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. BehaviourResearch and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25.