Anxiety

Assessment

• Brief Fear Of Negative Evaluation Scale | Leary | 1983
  • Scale download archived copy
• Fear Questionnaire (FQ) (Phobia) | Marks, Matthews | 1979
  • Scale download archived copy
  • Marks, I. M., & Mathews, A. M. (1979). Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17(3), 263-267.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) | Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, Lowe | 2006
  • Scale  download
  • Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Inern Med. 2006;166:1092-1097.
• Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HAM-A) | Hamilton | 1959
  • Scale download archived copy
  • Hamilton, M. (1959).The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology 32, 50-55.
• Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) | Salkovskis, Rimes, Warwick, Clark | 2002
  • Scale download
  • Salkovskis, P. M., Rimes, K. A., Warwick, H. M. C., & Clark, D. M. (2002). The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychological Medicine, 32(05), 843-853.
• Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR) | Liebowitz | 1987
  • Scale download archived copy
• Mobility Inventory For Agoraphobia (MIA) | Chambless, Caputo, Jasin, Gracely, Williams | 1985
  • Scale outcometracker.org  archive.org
  • Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Jasin, S. E., Gracely, E. J., & Williams, C. (1985). The mobility inventory for agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy, 23(1), 35-44.
• Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) | Shear, Brown, Barlow, Money, Sholomskas, Woods, Gorman, Papp | 1997
  • Scale download archived copy
  • Shear, M. K., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., Money, R., Sholomskas, D. E., Woods, S. W., … & Papp, L. A. (1997). Multicenter collaborative panic disorder severity scale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(11), 1571-1575.
• Penn State Worry Questionnaire | Meyer, Miller, Metzger, Borkovec | 1990
  • Scale outcometracker.org archive.org
  • Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487-495.
• Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale | Spence | 1998
  • Scale download archived copy
  • Scale website link archived copy
  • Spence, S. H. (1998). A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36 (5), 545-566.
• Severity Measure For Agoraphobia | Craske, Wittchen, Bogels, Stein, Andrews, Lebu | 2013
  • Scale – Adult download archived copy
• Severity Measure For Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Craske, Wittchen, Bogels, Stein, Andrews, Lebeu | 2013
  • Scale – Adult download archived copy
  • Scale – Child Age 11-17  download archived copy
• Severity Measure For Panic Disorder | Craske, Wittchen, Bogels, Stein, Andrews, Lebeu | 2013
  • Scale – Adult download archived copy
• Severity Measure For Social Anxiety Disorder | Craske, Wittchen, Bogels, Stein, Andrews, Lebeu | 2013
  • Scale – Adult download archived copy
  • Scale – Child Age 11-17 download archived copy
• Severity Measure For Specific Phobia | Craske, Wittchen, Bogels, Stein, Andrews, Lebeu | 2013
  • Scale – Adult download archived copy
  • Scale – Child Age 11-17 download archived copy
• Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Connor, Davidson, Churchill, Sherwood, Weisler, Foa | 2000
  • Scale download archived copy
• Social Phobia Scale | Mattick, Clarke | 1995
  • Scale download archived copy

Intervention

Treatment guidelines

• NICE guidelines for GAD and panic | 2011  download
• NICE guidelines for social anxiety disorder | 2013  download

Treatment manuals

• Comprehensive cognitive behavior therapy for social phobia: a treatment manual | Ledley, Foa, Huppert, Clark | 2006  download
• Treatment manual for panic disorder (IAPT treatment manual for high intensity CBT therapists) | Clark, Salkovskis | 2009 download archived copy
• A brief cognitive-behavioural treatment for social anxiety disorder | Morris, Mensink, Stewart  download  archived copy

Useful resources

• Assertive defense of the self | Padesky | 1985 download archived copy
• Interoceptive exposure definition | White, Basden, Barlow download archived copy
• Task concentration training definition | Bögels download archived copy
• Task concentration training and fear of blushing | Bögels, Mulkens, De Jong | 1997 download archived copy

Information Handouts

Generalized anxiety and mindfulness

• What is generalised anxiety disorder? download archived copy
• What is mindfulness? download archived copy
• Mindfulness and letting go download archived copy
• How worry works download archived copy
• Accepting uncertainty download archived copy
• Postpone your worry download archived copy
• Coping with stress download archived copy

Health anxiety

• Health anxiety – a self-help guide download archived copy

Panic

• What is panic? download
• Biology & Psychology of Panic download
• Vicious Cycle of Anxiety download
• Calming Technique download
• Progressive Muscle Relaxation download
• Behavioural Experiments download
• Situational Exposure download
• Physical Sensations and Panic download

Panic

• Panic self-help booklet by Dr Charles Young download archived copy
• Panic self-help booklet from Glasgow STEPS including information about panic and self-help interventions download archived copy

Phobia

• Phobia self-help booklet from Glasgow STEPS including information about phobia and self-help interventions download archived copy

Social anxiety

• What is social anxiety? download
• What can be done about social anxiety? download
• Calming technique: breathing download
• Progressive muscle relaxation download
• Improving how you feel download
• Thinking and feeling download
• Analysing your thinking download
• Changing your thinking download
• Unhelpful thinking styles download
• What are core beliefs? download
• Situational exposure download
• Staying healthy download

Social anxiety

• ‘Shyness and social anxiety – a self help guide’ is an excellent resource download archived copy

Worksheets

Generalized anxiety and mindfulness

• Postpone your worry download
• Letting go with mindfulness download
• Accepting uncertainty download
• Challenging intolerance of uncertainty download

Panic

• Breathing Rate Record download
• Anxiety Symptoms Record download
• Monitoring Relaxation download
• Sitational Exposure Diary download
• Internal Exposure Record download

Social anxiety

• Anxiety symptoms record download
• Breathing rate record download
• Monitoring your relaxation level download
• Weekly activity schedule download
• Weekly goals record download
• Making the connection download
• Thought diary 1 download
• Thought diary 2 download
• Thought diary 3 download
• Thought diaries (Tri-fold) download
• Core beliefs worksheet download
• Situational exposure download
• Situational exposure diary download
• Healthy me download
• Goal setting download

Self-Help Programmes

Self-help programme for anxiety

• Introduction to the pack download archived copy
• Introduction to anxiety download archived copy
• Physical effects of anxiety download download
• Recognizing anxious thinking download archived copy
• Dealing with our anxious thinking download archived copy
• Effects of anxiety on mood and behavior download archived copy
• Dealing with setbacks and final thoughts download archived copy

Self-help programme for generalized anxiety and mindfulness

• Overview of generalised anxiety download
• Overview of worrying download
• Challenging uncontrollability beliefs download
• Attention training download
• Challenging danger beliefs download
• Challenging positive beliefs download
• Problem solving download
• Helpful thinking download
• Accepting uncertainty download
• Self-management plan download

Self-help programme for health anxiety

• Understanding health anxiety download
• How health anxiety develops download
• What keeps health anxiety going? download
• Reducing your focus on health anxiety symptoms and worries download
• Re-evaluating unhelpful health-related thinking download
• Reducing checking and reassurance seeking download
• Challenging avoidance and safety behaviors download
• Adjusting health rules and assumptions download
• Healthy living and self-management planning download

Self-help programme for panic

• Overview of panic download
• More about panic download
• The thinking-feeling connection download
• The ABC’s of thinking and feeling download
• Unhelpful thinking styles download
• Detective work and disputation download
• Evaluation and balanced thinking download
• Core beliefs download
• Coping with physical alarms – Exposure part 1 download
• Coping with physical alarms – Exposure part 2 download
• The calming technique download
• Self management download

Self-help programme for social anxiety

• Overview of social anxiety download
• The calming technique: breathing download
• Progressive muscle relaxation download
• The thinking-feeling connection download
• The ABCs of thinking and feeling download
• Unhelpful thinking styles download
• Detective work and disputation download
• The end result download
• Core beliefs download
• Graded exposure 1 download
• Graded exposure 2 download
• Self management download

Presentations

• New developments in exposure therapy for anxiety and related disorders: the inhibitory learning approach | Blakey, Abramowitz | 2018  download archived copy
• Desirable difficulties: optimizing exposure therapy for anxiety through inhibitory learning | Abramowitz, Jacoby, Blakey | 2018 download archived copy
• GAD – a cognitive model and treatment download  archived copy

Recommended Reading

General

• Clark, D. M. (1999). Anxiety disorders: why they persist and how to treat them. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, S5-S27 download archived copy

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Behar, E., DiMarco, I. D., Hekler, E. B., Mohlman, J., Staples, A. M. (2009). Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Conceptual review and treatment implications. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1011-1023 download archived copy
• Bottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Carraro, E., Barclay, N., Payne, R., & Freeston, M. H. (2016). Revising the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Evidence from UK and Italian Undergraduate Samples. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1723 download  archived copy

A number of treatment packages have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of GAD:

Laval model

• Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour research and therapy, 36(2), 215-226.

Avoidance model of worry and GAD

• Borkovec, T. D., Alcaine, O., & Behar, E. (2004). Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice, 2004.
• Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Nordahl, H. M., & Wells, A. (2013). Metacognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Nature, evidence and an individual case illustration. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(3), 301-313 download  archived copy

Metacognitive model

• Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Nordahl, H. M., & Wells, A. (2013). Metacognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Nature, evidence and an individual case illustration. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(3), 301-313.
• Wells, A. (1995). Meta-cognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 23(3), 301-320 download  archived copy

Emotional dysregulation model

• Fresco, D. M., Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Ritter, M. (2013). Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(3), 282-300 nih.gov
• Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2002). Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 85-90 download  archived copy

Acceptance-based model of GAD

• Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/acceptance‐based approaches with existing cognitive‐behavioral models. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 54-68 download  archived copy
• Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S. D., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005). Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 71-88.

Health Anxiety

• Asmundson, G. J. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Richter, A. A., Whedon, M. (2010). Health anxiety: current perspectives and future directions. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12, 306-312 download
• Furer, P., Walker, J. R. (2008). Death anxiety: A cognitive behavioural approach. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(2), 167-182 download
• Salkovskis, P. M., Warwick, H. M. C., Deale, A. C. (2003). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Severe and Persistent Health Anxiety (Hypochondriasis). Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3, 353-367 btci.edina.clockss.org archived copy
• Walker, J. R., Furer, P. (2008). Interoceptive exposure in the treatment of health anxiety and hypochondirasis. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(4), 366-378 download

Panic disorder

• Clark D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24:461–470. download archived copy
• Clark, D. A. (1999). Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, S5-S27 download archived copy
• Huppert, J. D., & Baker-Morissette, S. L. (2003). Beyond the manual: The insider’s guide to panic control treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 10(1), 2-13.
• Schmidt, N. B., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Trakowski, J. et al. (2000). Dismantling cognitive-behavioural treatment for panic disorder: Questioning the utility of breathing retraining. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 417-424 download archived copy
• Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders. Chichester: Wiley.

Social Anxiety Disorder

• Clark, D. M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia download archived copy
• Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 16. 123-134 download archived copy
• Wild, Hackmann, Clark (2008). Rescripting early memories linked to negative images in social phobia: a pilot study. Behaviour Therapy, 39(1), 47-56. download
• Veale, D. (2003). Treatment of social phobia. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 9, 258-264 download archived copy